We investigated CSF tau-protein and Abeta42 concentrations in 73 patients with advanced idiopathic Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD) and 23 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease without dementia (PD) and in a comparison group of 41 non-demented neurological patients (CG) using commercially available enzyme-linked-immunoabsorbant-assay (ELISA). tau-Protein levels were statistically significantly higher and Abeta42 lower in the PDD patients compared to PD patients and the CG.
However, NURR1 (57.631% reduced in males; 28.93% in females) and FOXA1 (64.42% in males; 55.76% in females) mRNA expression did differ greatly between male and female PD patients.
However, female LRRK2 mutation carriers without PD had the same pS1292-LRRK2 levels compared to female carriers with PD. pS1292-LRRK2 levels in CSF exosomes were near saturated in most subjects, ten-fold higher on average than pS1292-LRRK2 levels in urinary exosomes, irrespective of LRRK2 mutation status or PD diagnosis.
Thus, the intrinsic kinase activity of LRRK2 appears to be a Trojan horse for PD, and inhibition of its kinase activity could potentially be therapeutically beneficial.
In addition, we show that expression of one copy of α-synuclein, which is known to directly interact with copper, leads to a pronounced aggravation of copper toxicity in vps35Δ cells, thereby linking the regulation of copper homeostasis by Vps35p in yeast to one of the key molecules in PD pathophysiology.
Statistical analysis identified 10 genes able to discriminate CKD from HD and PD patients (FDR = 5%, P < 0.001) and significantly correlated to CRP levels.
We explored the correlation between RDW and cardiovascular events in PD patients and possible mechanism.A total of 138 PD patients were divided into RDW < 15% group (n = 104) and RDW ≥ 15% group (n = 34).The levels of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) [3.05 (0.79, 15.30) mg/L vs 2.15 (1.00, 6.50) mg/L] and parathyroid hormone (PTH) [260.0 (192.7, 352.6) ng/L vs 200.7 (118.0, 319.7) ng/L] were significantly higher, but the levels of serum albumin [30.65 (27.4,32.8) g/L vs 32.3 (29.25,34.95) g/L], prealbumin [(299 ± 96) g/L vs (346 ± 86) g/L], triglyceride [1.24 (0.72, 1.50) mmol/L vs 1.42 (1.12,1.84) mmol/L], and transferrin saturation [27.9 (16.4, 43.6)% vs 37.8 (23.3, 57.2)%] were significantly lower in the RDW ≥ 15% group than in the RDW < 15% group (all P < 0.05).
Here we analyzed the EMG of the response agonists recorded while sixteen PD patients performed a Simon task that elicits prepotent response tendencies so as to decipher (i) whether STN DBS affects the expression and/or suppression of subthreshold muscle impulses that are critical for action control and (ii) the interaction between dopaminergic treatment and STN DBS.